Digestive system cancers pose a serious threat to the health and life of patients around the world. Their early detection is crucial for effective treatment and improved prognosis. In this article, we will discuss the importance of screening tests in detecting digestive system cancers and present the most important screening methods used in medical practice.
Screening tests aim to detect cancers at an early stage, when they do not cause symptoms or are non-specific. Thanks to this, there is a greater chance of effective treatment and improving the patient's prognosis. Here are some of the most important screening tests used to detect digestive system cancers:
- Colonoscopy
One of the most effective screening tests for detecting colorectal cancer. It involves inserting a flexible endoscope through the anus, which allows visualization of the interior of the large intestine. During the examination, polyps can be detected, which can lead to colon cancer. If found, they may be removed during examination or samples taken for further histological evaluation.
- Test for the presence of occult blood in stool
This test examines a stool sample for the presence of blood, which cannot be seen with the naked eye. The presence of occult blood may indicate the presence of polyps or tumors in the large intestine. A positive test result usually requires further diagnostics, such as a colonoscopy.
- Gastroscopy
This is a test that allows visualization of the inside of the esophagus, stomach and upper section of the small intestine using a flexible endoscope inserted through the esophagus. Gastroscopy can help detect, for example, stomach cancer. During the examination, tissue samples may also be taken for further histological evaluation and biopsy specimens may be tested for Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Imaging examination
Imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to detect digestive system cancers such as pancreatic cancer. These techniques enable accurate visualization of internal organs and can help identify tumors, assess their size and distribution. The above imaging tests are accurate and objective, but their availability is limited. A more common solution is an ultrasound examination, which, although its accuracy depends on the skill of the person performing it, can serve as a preliminary screening test before qualifying for CT or MRI.
Screening is recommended for people at increased risk of developing digestive system cancers, such as those with a family history of cancer, existing risk factors, or certain symptoms. Regular screening can help detect cancer at an early stage, which in turn increases the chance of effective treatment and improved prognosis.
Therefore, it is clear that screening tests play a key role in detecting digestive system cancers at an early stage. Methods such as colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, gastroscopy and imaging enable the identification of cancer lesions and polyps, which enables early treatment. People at increased risk should get screened regularly as recommended by their doctor. Public education and awareness of the importance of screening are crucial for the prevention and early detection of digestive system cancers.
Adam Trzciński
